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The Book We're Talking About: 'The Betrayers' By David Bezmozgis

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The Betrayers
by David Bezmozgis
Little, Brown and Company, $26.00
Published September 23, 2014

What we think:


While at points stagey and pedagogical, David Bezmozgis' The Betrayers turns a mirror on readers’ own moral choices through a compelling and piercing exploration of guilt and self-justification.




Though Bezmozgis' novel unfolds in merely a day, its scope is vast -- it encompasses decades, countries, and moral questions that cut to the heart of what it means to do the right thing. Baruch Kotler, an Israeli politician and former Soviet Jewish dissident, has faced his share of public scandal by the time we meet him in Yalta with his young mistress, Leora. Their affair has just been leaked to Israeli newspapers, apparently in retribution for Kotler’s public stand against the prime minister’s plan to withdraw from West Bank settlements, and the pair have fled to a spot in Crimea where they expect not to be recognized or hassled. Meanwhile, his family and country are grappling with the fallout of his infidelity and his political choices without him, only brief cell phone calls keeping him in contact with the children whose lives he’s upended.




Far from an idyllic week-long interlude from their newly high-profile life, however, the Crimean holiday only serves to prod Kotler to confront his scandalous present, and past, even more directly. A lost hotel reservation sends the couple to rent a room with a local couple; mere hours after they’ve settled in, Kotler recognizes the husband of their landlady -- his former roommate, a fellow Soviet Jewish dissident who denounced him publicly many years before, condemning him to 13 years in a gulag.




This chance encounter demolishes any hope for a romantic getaway, but Kotler chooses to remain and meet his betrayer head-on, though he scarcely knows what to expect from the long-deferred encounter. Leora, the energetic and thoughtful young mistress, has no hesitation about registering her annoyance at this turn of events, but unwillingly remains by his side. Svetlana, their landlady, has hopes that the Jewish couple she’s rented the room to could sweeten the curdling fortunes of her family. Tankilevich, Kotler’s betrayer, sees the arrival of the man whose life he once destroyed as one more torment after a life of self-inflicted punishments.




The stage set, the conflict unfolds in almost theatrical scenes. Characters often seem to declaim for an audience as much as converse, an impression difficult to avoid with so much exposition and so much moral weight to pack into a passage of dialogue. Here Bezmozgis’ constraint of telling his tale within one day seems an impediment; with no flashbacks or movement through time, we are by necessity told much of the plot rather than shown it.




Yet it also offers an opportunity to focus not on the mechanics of what we do, but on the processes by which we come to terms with what we’ve done. The Betrayers delves into the psyches of its characters, offering intriguing moments of revelation into how we betray each other, and how we justify our betrayals. Though these insights feel too inadequately explored, at points even somewhat heavy-handed, Bezmozgis’ dramatic narrative prompts reflection, evoking with its grand historical themes the same petty ethical quandaries we each face daily.




What other reviewers think:
The Los Angeles Times: "The Betrayers [...] reads less as a parable of reconciliation than an expression of its own inability as a novel to live up to the vagaries of history."




Kirkus: "If the coincidence seems impossibly unrealistic, the conversations between the two men, and the depth of thought and feeling Bezmozgis brings to them, redeem any such concerns."




Who wrote it?
David Bezmozgis has previously published a novel, The Free World, and a short story collection, Natasha. He was one of The New Yorker’s “20 Under 40” in 2010.




Who will read it?
Readers who enjoy fiction with political themes, as well as moral and ethical themes explored with nuance.




Opening lines:
“A thousand kilometers away, while the next great drama of his life was unfolding, and God was banging His gavel to shake the Judaean hills, Baruch Kotler sat in the lobby of a Yalta hotel and watched his young mistress berate the hotel clerk -- a pretty blond girl, who endured the assault with a stiff, mulish expression.”




Notable passage:
“How had he managed it? In one small life, to have so many scandals. But it was as though the first scandal had predisposed him to the others. If you have drawn the world’s attention once, it is easy to draw it twice. And easier still for some tawdry business. If you give the world a love story, it is like a first installment. Where the next installment is a hate story. Of which the world will accept an infinite number. He had Tankilevich to thank for his first scandal, his introduction to the world. He had Shapira’s spitefulness to thank for his second. For this one, he could thank himself.”

5 Things You Didn't Know About Charlie Brown

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It's trivia you didn't know, Charlie Brown!

The first "Peanuts" comic strip was published on Oct. 2, 1950. Charles Schulz was 27 at the time. The cartoonist, who died at the age of 77 in 2000, was said to have lived a life similar to his character of Charlie Brown, often expressing feelings such as, "I think I've discovered the secret of life -- you just hang around until you get used to it."

Although he may have always hated the name, "Peanuts" became a $1 billion a year business and remains one of the most beloved additions to American pop culture of all time.

Learn the five things about Charlie Brown and your jealous friends will be the ones who say, "Good grief!"

TK TK gifs


1. Charles Schulz hated the name "Peanuts" as it had no "dignity." He wanted the cartoon to be called "Li'l Folks."

charlie brown original

In a 1987 interview, Charles Schulz expressed that the name "Peanuts" was his greatest disappointment. He had wanted to use either "Li'l Folks" or "Good Old Charlie Brown," but a United Feature Syndicate editor changed it to "Peanuts," citing two other comic strips with similar names at the time (Al Capp's "Li'l Abner" and another titled "Little Folks") and explaining that Schulz's strip was like the peanut gallery from the "Howdy Doody" TV show.

Schulz lamented: "It's totally ridiculous, has no meaning, is simply confusing — and has no dignity. I think my humor has dignity."

The Charles Schulz Museum has a quote of his from 1969:

I don’t like the name of my strip at all. I wanted to call it Good Old Charlie Brown, but the person at the syndicate who selected "Peanuts" just picked it at random from a list of possible titles he jotted down. He hadn’t even looked at the strip when he named it. The syndicate compromised on Sunday, though. Once I rebelled and sent it in without any title. We finally agreed to put "Peanuts" at the top and include Charlie Brown and His Gang in the sub-title on Sunday.


Image Left: WikiCommons. Image Right: PBS. Image Bottom: WikiCommons.



2. Back in high school, the original Snoopy drawings were rejected by Charles Schulz's yearbook. Now that school has a 5-foot statue of the dog.

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Charles Schulz attended Central High School in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he failed Latin, English, algebra and physics. In 1975, looking back at his time in school, Schulz said, "It was not until I became a senior that I earned any respectable grades at all." Although Ripley's Believe It or Not! accepted a drawing of a dog from Schulz when he was just 15 (his first published drawing), the yearbook committee at Central didn't see Schulz's work as a good fit for its publication. Apparently, he never forgot the slight. Now Central High School has an educationally themed 5-foot statue called "Scholar Snoopy."

Actually, Snoopy was originally named "Sniffy," but the name was already being used in a different comic strip. Schulz apparently remembered that his deceased mother, Dena Schulz, had said if the family had ever gotten another dog, it'd be named Snoopy.

Image Left: WikiCommons



3. CBS executives originally hated "A Charlie Brown Christmas" and almost didn't release it.

TK TK gifs

"They thought it was too slow," executive producer Lee Mendelson recalled of his meetings with CBS. They didn't like that real children voiced the characters. They didn't like that religion was a theme of the Christmas special. They simply just weren't going to air the special. According to Mental Floss, a CBS executive once said, "Well, you gave it a good shot. Believe me, we’re big 'Peanuts' fans, but maybe it’s better suited to the comic page.”

"A Charlie Brown Christmas" ended up winning an Emmy, and still airs every year for millions of viewers (and may have even ruined the once burgeoning aluminum Christmas tree industry).


4. Fergie was the voice of Sally Brown in the '80s.

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From 1983 to 1985, Fergie (aka Stacey Ferguson) provided the voice of Sally Brown for television specials and "The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show." She wasn't even 10 years old at the time.

You can hear Fergie's voice work in a special called "Snoopy's Getting Married."



5. Charlie Brown may be the longest story ever told by one human being.



According to the Charles Schulz Museum, the cartoonist created 17,897 "Peanuts" strips in his lifetime. This makes Schulz's work "arguably the longest story ever told by one human being,'' as Robert Thompson, a professor of popular culture at Syracuse University, claimed on the PBS ''NewsHour'' with Jim Lehrer.

The Museum also explains his daily work ethic:

Schulz kept fairly regular office hours, Monday to Friday, working from about 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. On average, he drew about seven strips per week, generally keeping six to eight weeks ahead of the publication schedule. He worked out his ideas on lined paper with sketches and notes; when he was satisfied with the idea, he would create the finished strip. Schulz said he could draw a daily strip anywhere from ten minutes to an hour, but that the Sunday strips always took longer.


Charles Schulz once said, "Life is like an ice-cream cone, you have to lick it one day at a time."



BONUS: In all 17,897 comic strips, Charlie Brown never once successfully kicks the football.

TK TK gifs

Asked whether Charlie Brown would finally get to kick the football in the last "Peanuts" comic strip, Schulz replied, "Oh, no! Definitely not! I couldn't have Charlie Brown kick that football; that would be a terrible disservice to him after nearly half a century." The cartoonist later became remorseful and in 1999, recalling the final time he signed the comic strip, "All of a sudden I thought, 'You know, that poor, poor kid, he never even got to kick the football. What a dirty trick -- he never had a chance to kick the football!'"

Good grief, Charlie Brown!

All images Getty unless otherwise noted.

'Doctor Zhivago' Is Coming To Broadway, As A Musical

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NEW YORK (AP) — The latest version of "Cinderella" will soon disappear from the Broadway Theatre, but another sweepingly romantic musical is ready to take its place — "Doctor Zhivago."

Producers said Wednesday that the tale of five intertwined lovers set during final days of Czarist Russia will be led by two-time Tony Award winner Des McAnuff, who also directed "Jersey Boys." Casting is to be announced soon. Previews will begin March 27 with an opening on April 21.

The musical made its world premiere in 2006 under McAnuff's direction at the La Jolla Playhouse in California. In 2011, a revised "Doctor Zhivago" opened at the Lyric Theatre in Sydney.

It has a book by Academy Award nominee Michael Weller ("Ragtime"), music by Grammy Award winner Lucy Simon ("The Secret Garden"), lyrics by Tony nominee Michael Korie ("Grey Gardens") and Emmy Award nominee Amy Powers ("Ella Enchanted"), and choreography by Tony nominee Kelly Devine ("Rocky the Musical"). Scenic design will be by Michael Scott-Mitchell and costume design will be by Paul Tazewell.

The 1965 film version is a classic, starring Omar Sharif, Julie Christie, Geraldine Chaplin, Rod Steiger and Alec Guinness. It got 10 Academy Award nominations but lost the film best Oscar to "The Sound of Music."

Boris Pasternak's original novel, a critical portrait of the Russian Revolution, earned him the Nobel Prize for literature in 1958 — and the enduring enmity of the Soviet regime.

This Is Not A Human Head

Lena Dunham Opens Up About Being A Rape Survivor

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"Girls" creator Lena Dunham writes in her new memoir that she was raped as a 19-year-old college student. Over the course of two chapters, she explains that it took her years to come to terms with what happened and to be able to talk about the complexities of her experience in a way that felt truthful to her.

In the chapter "Girls & Jerks," Dunham recalls an "ill-fated evening of lovemaking" with an infamous on-campus Republican. Describing the lead-up to the incident, she writes: "All I knew when I stumbled home from a party behind him was that he was sullen, thuggish, and a poor loser at poker. How that led to intercourse was a study in the way revulsion can quickly become desire when mixed with the right muscle relaxants."

Dunham goes on to set the scene that unfolds between them in her apartment, during which she thought the man was wearing a condom but later realized he wasn't. The condom, Dunham noticed, was actually hanging from a nearby potted plant.

"I think…? The condom’s…? In the tree?” I muttered feverishly.

“Oh,” he said, like he was as shocked as I was. He reached for it as if he was going to put it back on, but I was already up, stumbling towards my couch, which was the closest thing to a garment I could find. I told him he should probably go, chucking his hoodie and boots out the door with him. The next morning, I sat in a shallow bath for half an hour like someone in one of those coming-of-age movies.


At the beginning of the next chapter, titled "Barry," she backtracks, writing:

I'm an unreliable narrator ... mostly because in another essay in this book I describe a sexual encounter with a mustachioed campus Republican as the upsetting but educational choice of a girl who was new to sex when, in fact, it didn't feel like a choice at all.


She then retells some events from the condom-in-a-tree night in graphic detail.

"Barry leads me to the parking lot," she writes. "I tell him to look away. I pull down my tights to pee, and he jams a few of his fingers inside me, like he’s trying to plug me up. I’m not sure whether I can’t stop it or I don’t want to."

The two then go back to her apartment, and Dunham -- in an attempt to convince herself that she'd given consent -- talks dirty to him as he forces himself on her.

The following day, when Dunham tells her roommate, Audrey, about the encounter, Audrey is horrified by her admission and tells Dunham, "You were raped."

"I burst out laughing," Dunham writes of her initial reaction.

Years later, while sitting in the writer's room of HBO's "Girls," she pitches a "version of the Barry story" to her co-writers. She doesn't call the incident rape, but her co-writers do.

Murray shakes his head. “I just don’t see rape being funny in any situation.”

“Yeah,” Bruce agrees. “It’s a tough one.”

“But that’s the thing,” I say. “No one knows if it’s a rape. It’s, like, a confusing situation that…” I trailed off.

“But I’m sorry that happened to you,” Jenni says. “I hate that.”


Dunham also writes that she struggled with feeling like she was to blame.

I feel like there are fifty ways it's my fault. I fantasized. I took the big pill and the small pill, stuffed myself with substances to make being out in the world with people my own age a little bit easier. I was hungry to be seen. But I also know that at no moment did I consent to being handled that way. I never gave him permission to be rough, to stick himself inside me without a barrier between us. I never gave him permission. In my deepest self I know this, and the knowledge of it has kept me from sinking.


Dunham's memoir, Not That Kind Of Girl: A Young Woman Tells You What She's "Learned," hit book stores Sept. 30.

Need help? In the U.S., visit the National Sexual Assault Online Hotline operated by RAINN. For more resources, visit the National Sexual Violence Resource Center's website.

Pixar's 'Inside Out' Trailer Looks Like A Total Brain Pleaser

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Pixar released the first teaser trailer for its highly anticipated film "Inside Out." It starts out as a montage of Pixar films, highlighting all the warm and fuzzies the studio has made us feel over the years, and morphs into the first footage from the new movie.

Directed by Pete Docter, "Inside Out" follows the emotions inside of an 11-year-old girl, Riley. Fear (Bill Hader), Sadness (Phyllis Smith), Joy (Amy Poehler), Disgust (Mindy Kaling) and Anger (Lewis Black) become characters who help guide us through Riley's life after she moves across the country.

Per Pixar, "The emotions live in Headquarters, the control center inside Riley’s mind, where they help advise her through everyday life. As Riley and her emotions struggle to adjust to a new life in San Francisco, turmoil ensues in Headquarters. Although Joy, Riley's main and most important emotion, tries to keep things positive, the emotions conflict on how best to navigate a new city, house and school." "Inside Out" is due out June 19, 2015.

Rick Lowe Explains 'Project Row Houses,' His Houston Public Art Initiative

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Rick Lowe wants his public art initiative to change the way people look at black history.

"A lot of African American history has been painted though a lens that is so negative that people want to turn their backs on it," the MacArthur Fellow told HuffPost Live on Wednesday. "It's not an exciting thing to start talking about your history to people [when it's] talking about slavery, even the shotgun houses [that] are part of our history."

But he thinks the reason for the stigma surrounding those conversations is that "we don't have an accurate reflection of those histories," and he hopes his work, which spans "the intersections between art, historic preservation, affordable and innovative housing, community relations and development, neighborhood revitalization, and human empowerment" will make Houston's shotgun house community proud of its heritage.

project row houses
Rick Lowe's "Project Row Houses" organization makes use of Houston's shotgun homes to exhibit art pieces.


"What we try to do here with Project Row Houses is focus on what the positive qualities that allow people to live in shotgun communities and still maintain family and communities, and many of them go on and excel," he explained. "There's a powerful message there that oftentimes we don't necessarily look at as African Americans, and so Project Row Houses is trying to redirect that."

Take a look at some of Rick Lowe's public art surrounding Houston's shot gun homes in the full HuffPost Live conversation here.

Sign up here for Live Today, HuffPost Live's new morning email that will let you know the newsmakers, celebrities and politicians joining us that day and give you the best clips from the day before!

'Slittens,' Sloth-Kitten Frankensteins, Are Here To Steal All The Awwwww

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Has Photoshop science gone too far, or has it not gone far enough?

slitten sloth kitten

Photographs of these adorable sloth-kitten hybrids, called "slittens," began surfacing on web designer Rachael Aslett's Tumblr blog in early July. Although they're definitely the product of photo editing, a Sept. 26 post on the blog claims otherwise.

slittens

Who cares? We're just along for the weird, wonderful ride.


If slittens really were test-tube babies and not the fuzzy progeny of Photoshop, we're sure the animal kingdom would welcome them with open arms. Because ... well, just look at them.



H/T Bored Panda

Artist Paralyzed In Accident Now Creates Exquisite Paintings Using Her Mouth

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Passion can sometimes motivate a person to overcome even the most disheartening of obstacles.

When artist Mariam Paré was 20 years old and at the beginning of her painting career, an unlikely accident threatened her life along with her ability to express her creativity.

"Somebody was shooting a gun and it hit the car I was driving," Paré tells WXIA in the video above. "I was struck in my back between my shoulder blades and my neck and I was instantly paralyzed."

However, Paré refused to give up her painting. During her rehabilitation, she needed to sign a form by holding a pen between her teeth, and she realized her signature looked identical to what was once her handwriting, reported USA Today. Paré's discovery inspired her to try painting again with a similar methodology, and she spent the following eight years working to get back to where she was in her craft before the shooting, according to DNA Info.

Almost two decades later, Paré is still painting incredible works of art -- all by holding a paintbrush gently in her mouth and making careful, measured strokes. She makes a living as an artist in Naperville, Illinois, and her collection of three pieces reflecting on her experience with gun violence debuted at the Next Door Cafe in Chicago's Lincoln Park earlier this month.

Watch the video above to see Paré's amazing painting technique.


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Elderly Man Gets Down To 'La Bamba,' Shows Everyone How It's Done

Joaquin Phoenix Won't Play Doctor Strange After All

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Joaquin Phoenix seemed poised to portray Doctor Strange in Marvel's forthcoming stand-alone film, but Deadline.com reports the actor is no longer in talks for the role.

The search is back on for a big-screen Doctor Strange. Phoenix hadn't inked a deal, but the Oscar nominee was rumored to be the the studio's top pick. Other names bandied about were Tom Hardy, Benedict Cumberbatch and Jared Leto. Ethan Hawke has also been reported as a frontrunner, but Deadline's Mike Fleming Jr. said that is "speculation run wild."

This isn't the first time Phoenix's involvement with a comic-book movie hasn't come to fruition. He was reportedly in consideration for Lex Luther in Zack Snyder's "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice," but Jesse Eisenberg is now filling the role instead.

Scott Derrickson ("The Exorcism of Emily Rose," "The Day the Earth Stood Still") will direct "Doctor Strange" based on a script most recently written by Jon Spaihts ("Prometheus"). The Marvel movie is currently slated for a July 2016 release.

via Deadline.com

This Is How Our Desks Have Changed Since The 1980s

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Once upon a time, desks were considered curated workplaces filled with large computer monitors, calendars, printers and -- cue the nostalgia -- office supplies like tape dispensers and scissors. These days, however, they appear to have become nothing more than a surface to support your Apple products and your Ray Ban aviator sunglasses.

At least that's how the Harvard Innovation Lab has visualized the evolution of the desk. Bringing new meaning to the socially common phrase "there's an app for that," the team shows how tangible items have been replaced over time by new forms of technology.

"We wondered what it would be like to recreate the desktop from the 1980's and then emulate its transformation through the computer age," the team said to Design Boom. "While gradual change from year to year is often hard to perceive, a longer snapshot gives us a much more dramatic view of the technological progression we have experienced."

Check out the video above to appreciate how much tidier things have gotten over the last 35 years.

H/T Design Boom

We Need To Talk About 'Transparent'

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We fell in love with the pilot of Amazon's "Transparent" when it aired back in February. We then raved about it and implored you to binge-watch it when its first season premiered in full on Sept. 26. And then we gave you a basic guide for how to approach and talk about the show and its various gender and sexuality topics. Now that we've binged the entire season (and are currently rewatching it), there is a lot to discuss and contemplate. Here are the highlights and most interesting and important parts of "Transparent" Season 1, and our reactions:

Drag culture vs. Trans culture

Duca: Let's start with the cross-dressing retreat. The clash between drag and trans culture was so jilting in that setting. Maura is in this space where she feels comfortable and safe for the possibly first time in her life, and she is faced with disgust over the idea of wanting to transition rather than simply dressing up. Marcy and the others' insistence that "We are men" acts as a reminder to the audience that even among those who are not restricted to the gender binary can place stigma on the trans experience. I had been (foolishly) watching under the assumption the camp was a wholly accepting environment, so it came as a shock to me. Did you expect that kind of hostility?

drag camp

Whitney: Honestly, I thought I had missed something when all the drag queens (who I didn't know were such) were sitting at the camp picnic table expressing their masculine pride rather voraciously. I entered the camp with Maura under the assumption that it was a trans camp, but then, as much of Soloway's fantastic writing does throughout the season, we're surprised and our expectations are completely upturned. The realization and discomfort hits us, as the audience, as much as it does Maura when she begins to realize that they're not all a part of the same family. It's absolutely heartbreaking to watch her finally find somewhere she believes she fits in only to realize that there's a sharp hostility between drag queens and transgender folk. This was one of the most fascinating and eye-opening parts of the season for me, to realize that these two groups of people, both minorities in today's society, both fighting for the same freedom of expression, yet both with entirely different conceptions of embodying an identity. I really want to learn more about this and if such a clash is present between both communities in real life. This seems to hardly be something discussed in the media. Did you have any previous awareness of this, Lauren?

Duca: That's definitely true: you feel it as Maura feels it. And yes, it was something that came up with the controversy surrounding "RuPaul's Drag Race" this season. There is an inherent conflict between trans women and drag queens that falls down to the way they see gender as performance or part of their identity. It's a nuanced clash that can't be defined along a hierarchy of acceptable or unacceptable (Zack Ford's article for Think Progress explains this in much greater detail), but the show does a good job of setting that up and dismantling the idea that you are either bigoted or open-minded. There's a spectrum of ignorance even for those who fall outside of the society-approved heterosexual cisgender identity.

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Whitney: Well, I applaud Soloway for bringing such a controversial topic into the conversation of her show -- it's a daring move that is pretty unusual in the realm of TV. Among other things, "Transparent" is really getting us as an audience and the media to start discussing these subjects and that's incredible to me. I can't help but wonder now what will happen between Bradley Whitford's Mark/Marcy (who was incredible, by the way) and Maura. I have a feeling the two either never saw each other again after the camp, or will have a big falling out revealed in Season 2. And let's not kid ourselves, Amazon has to give "Transparent" a second season.

Ali's log cabin hallucination

Duca: Okay, what went on with Ali seeing the trans professor's house as a log cabin? At first, I thought it was hilarious as an absurd extension of her issues with gender. Her idea of femininity is Taylor Swift at a Quinceañera, and then he lives in a log cabin with a neon bar sign. But then none of it is real. At first I processed that as maybe a hallucination, but she later told Syd about her vision. Should we be taking it literally? The show doesn't really trade in abstractions, so it's kind of hard to process.

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Whitney: That episode, Episode 7, was my favorite of the entire season because we see each of the main character's reservations and fear toward gender and sexuality culminate in big, beautiful and absurd ways. First off, Ali's outfit is insane and amazing -- Taylor Swift at a Quinceañera is a pretty perfect description, Lauren! As soon as she arrived at the trans TA Dale's home, I honestly couldn't stop laughing. It was like this bizarre masculine-charged lumberjack fantasy a delusional woman would have -- a log cabin, a neon PBR sign, an old-fashioned television, he tells her she needs to shave her pubes and then actually does it with an old school shaving kit (WHAT!). They both fall into this hyperbolic role playing of masculine and feminine behavior -- the woman asking if her man is a "leg man or a boob man," him aggressively telling her to call him "Daddy" and take off her underwear as he gulps a bottle of beer. It's ridiculous and so damn hilarious for that exact reason. There's also this slight look of delight and satisfaction that crosses Ali's face for a moment during all of this, as if she's thrilled that she's finally achieved the hyper-femme/hyper-masculine relationship she thought she wanted/needed.

Duca: The whole thing definitely speaks to what Soloway said about Ali plausibly identifying as gender queer within five seasons. In this very early stage, she's still navigating the extremes of the spectrum and tutus / shaving kits are a fun way for the show to play with that.

Whitney: As she mentions later in the season, it's Maura's transition that inspired Ali's journey toward gender curiosity and I think the moment she fully sees Maura transformed -- on stage singing her heart out -- she snaps back into reality. Ali can't have sex in the bathroom with the shiny red dildo, she realizes she pushed it too far and the whole forced gender facade begins to disintegrate. She arrives back at Dale's house and it's a completely normal home, he's driving a normal car (not a beat up pick-up) and it finally sets in that this is just the way things are; they don't need to fit into this binary, this strict construct of masculine and feminine. The episode is called "Symbolic Exemplar" and Soloway bravely elevates it to an abstract level to reveal just how absurd, how warped and extreme our society's understandings and perceptions of gender are. Most shows, I think, would suffer from this sudden introduction (and then soon after) abandonment of hyperreality in a very realistic, grounded show. Yet I think the elusive metaphors Soloway uses jolt us in multiple ways -- not only are we left confused about what literally just happened on the screen, but the more we contemplate it, the closer we come to seeing the actual reality of how misguided our own conceptions of gender are today.

log cabin

Duca: Definitely. Although, I think the abstraction suffers from her explicitly acknowledging she saw things differently. Especially because it's the show's only distinct departure from reality. Representational visions of log cabins are funny. Literal visions of log cabins are a potential sign of a brain tumor. So, Ali telling Syd about her experience seems like a misstep from Soloway. Although, it does function to more fully explain what Ali is going to through the audience. It's sort of a nudge like, "Yes! That was her struggling to processes her personalized gender stigmas!"

Whitney: It does sort of feel like a nudge, as if Soloway felt a need to further explain for the audience. I would have been just fine with it had Ali not even mentioned it to Syd, but instead brought it up in a more general sense. Either way, I love that the episode went there and gave us something to laugh about and then ruminate over.

Parallels of death and birth

Whitney: I really loved how full and rich the season felt, beginning and ending on both literal and symbolic notions of death and birth. Soloway has described before how she views her show as the death of one parent (Mort) giving birth to the life of another (Maura). This comes across in the pilot alone, but as the season continues, it also ends with another instance of this. We end on the (literal) death and funeral of Ed, but there's also another sense of a birth in the finale. Not only do we get the introduction of a new family member, Josh's son, but that final scene gives birth to a new family unit, sharing a deeper bond than they previously had. They're all at the table, connected by hands (and a strand of hair) in a way they haven't all sat in silence together before. There may not be actual barbecue sauce across their faces this time, but at this final moment everyone's own mess is completely out in the open and exposed. It's such a beautiful way to open and close a season of a TV show. I do feel like there is more at play with Ed and his significance in the season overall. Each character seems to represent something about understanding and exploring identity, but what did Ed represent? What are your thoughts, Lauren?

Duca: That description is making me love this damn show even more, Erin. I want to talk about Ed in a second, but also touch on this idea of the (sort of) birth of a family unit with Josh and his son. Soloway played that magnificently. The fact that he fathered a child probably at age 12 or 13 (I have to do the math, but he's a senior in high school, so Josh had to be pretty young) could have been so soaked in drama to hammer home the finale. The way Soloway let the shock sit kind of quietly was a total punch in the stomach, because it also put into perspective the fact that Josh -- a cisgender heterosexual -- is far more screwed up than anyone in his family, but might not be recognized as such by bigoted, bullshit social standards.

son

Back to your question about Ed. I think he was one of the most comical parts on the show. I just laugh out loud thinking about him popping back into the house with a caricature of himself. He's so one-dimensional (deliberately so) that it's brilliant of Soloway to poke fun of the character in that way. It's also worth noting that the moment when he dies, he appears to leave the house. It's possible that's another moment (on top of Ali's log cabin) that functions as a departure from reality. But the way he slips away and forces them into the funeral and discovering themselves it almost seems like he functions as this disposable element of ourselves that can be a burden (in terms of Shelley caring for him and being tied to this life of mundane solitude) but also the ways that letting it go can be freeing.

Whitney: Oh my gosh, Ed and his cotton candy and his caricature may have been one of the best moments of the entire season. I want to screen shot that moment and make it my desktop wallpaper. But back to the serious discussion: that's a really beautiful way of putting it, Lauren. Viewing Ed as a sort of symbol of the burdens we carry and are so afraid to let go of. Ali is the only one who is so struck by the thought of letting Ed die, this idea of giving up on a once-joyful fragment of her past, someone who was just there to "make them happy." I think through learning to let him go, Ali along with the rest of the family, learns to face their fears of change and of possible unhappy bumps to come in the future. And at the end, that's completely okay. To be afraid and confused and uncertain of what the hell to do next as Josh is about his son, Ali about her gender, Sarah about her feelings for Tammy and Len, Maura adjusting her new self to the world and Shelly moving forward. It's simple, but so very relatable and human.

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Relatability

Duca: This idea of how relatable these characters are is really interesting to me. I don't feel this, but I could understand someone walking away from maybe the first four episodes and thinking "Transparent" is working a bit too hard to check every possible social issue box. Having so many awakenings happen throughout one season, in a show where every scene is a plot turn, can be a lot to take in. That's why it shows Soloway's dexterity when she can keep everyone so grounded in spite of everything that's going on. There is no hierarchy of goodness or badness. Everyone just has their shit and ultimately it's the way it fits together and what the show says about the nature of a family unit that is relatable. What elements do you think kept it so grounded, Erin? Where there ever moments where you felt the show was trying to take on too many things at once?

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Whitney: I agree that these characters are some of the realest and most relatable I've seen on TV lately. There's no urge to pin any hero against villain or virtuous against debased -- everyone sort of has a decent balance of admirable and undesirable characteristics. There are moments where you want to slap Ali across the face and tell her to grow up, or can't stop shaking your head at Josh's naivety with women and sex. I think Maura is the most mature and grounded character out of them all, but she even has flaws slip out (i.e. when she angrily calls her neighbors "faggots.") But that is life and I love how genuinely the show reflects that.

There was one moment though where the attempting-to-check-off-every-social-issue sort of hit me over the head a little too hard. When Carrie Brownstein's Syd admitted to having feelings for Ali I sort of rolled my eyes and sighed. Out of all the storylines, this one felt forced as a means of addressing how Ali will approach same-sex relationships especially one with her best friend. It seemed to work out a little too perfectly to further that curiosity, but I guess I can understand and see some of the truth in it -- it is a common thing for women of various sexualities to confuse and/or stifle same-sex feelings within a close friendship. I just think the story would have been perfectly fine without it. I enjoy Syd as a mechanism for Ali's venting, but a romance between them? I'm hoping that quickly fades out by Season 2 because Ali's complexity deserves more than that.

Duca: Yeah, that was a little much for me, too. It's forced and so convenient. If there is one stand out criticism of "Transparent," it may be that it's trying to pack everything in a little too tight. Although, in a way that also speaks to its strengths. It takes on so much and handles it with a dexterity that lets the psychosexual comedy shine through the heaviness, reminding us that, at the end of the day, this is really just a show about family.

The first season of "Transparent" is now streaming on Amazon Prime.

New Look At Leonardo da Vinci Masterpiece Shows Even Geniuses Second-Guess Themselves

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Leonardo da Vinci may have been called a genius, but that doesn't mean he never second-guessed himself.

In a new book, optical engineer Pascal Cotte explains how a new imaging technology known as the layer amplification method (LAM) helped show that Leonardo painted two previous versions of his "Lady with an Ermine" masterpiece before settling on the version that we know today. One version of the 15th Century artwork didn't even include the ermine at all.

"We've discovered that Leonardo is always changing his mind," Cotte, CTO of the Lumiere Technology company in Paris, told BBC News. "This is someone who hesitates -- he erases things, he adds things, he changes his mind again and again... The LAM technique gives us the capability to peel the painting like an onion, removing the surface to see what's happening inside and behind the different layers of paint."

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The three phases of Leonardo da Vinci's "Lady with an Ermine" painting. Leonardo first painted the portrait without the ermine, and later added in two different versions of the animal. Credit: © Pascal Cotte

The LAM technique involves using the reflection of light to reveal images in different layers of paint, according to a statement from the company.

"It tells us a lot more about the way Leonardo's mind worked when he was doing a painting," Martin Kemp, emeritus professor of the history of art at the University of Oxford, told BBC News. "We know that he fiddled around a good deal at the beginning, but now we know that he kept fiddling around all the time and it helps explain why he had so much difficulty finishing paintings."

As for the woman depicted in the painting, experts have long believed it to be Cecilia Gallerani, who was the mistress of Ludovico Sforza, the Duke of Milan. According to the Wall Street Journal, just before this portrait was painted, Sforza was awarded the insignia of the Order of the Ermine by the King of Naples, becoming known as "l'Ermellino." Scholars believe the ermine symbolizes the Duke, or serves as a visual pun on Cecilia's surname (ermine in Greek is galay.)

Cotte's book, "Lumiere on the Lady with an Ermine," was published on Sept. 1 and is available on Amazon.

'Homeland' Season 4 Review: What The Brody-Free Version Of The Show Looks Like

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Even at the height of "Homeland's" best era -- and it was a considerable height -- it was hard not to think about what would happen if the show fell off the tightrope.

And let's face it, many of us were afraid the "if" in the preceding sentence was actually a "when."

"When" came to pass; "Homeland" went off the rails in Season 3 in ways that did a great deal of damage the show's credibility in any number of areas. The forays into Dana-land were pointless, the overwrought approach to the central romance was unfortunate, and people who were supposed to be good at their intelligence jobs were demonstrably bad at them (and got promoted!).

And yet, believe it or not, I approached this season with an open mind, or a mind as open as it possibly could be. It helps that there's just so much TV around these days: I can barely recall shows that premiered last month, let alone revive TV beefs I had last year.

If time doesn't heal all wounds, its passage makes it harder to get exercised about most of them, and I was willing to follow my semi-forgetfulness about the show's missteps with forgiveness. Like many fans who thought "Homeland" lost its way in Season 2 -- around the time Carrie stumbled through an abandoned factory waiting for Abu Nazir to pop up like a jack-in-the-box -- and like a lot of loyal viewers who thought things only got more frustrating in Season 3, I wanted to care again. I wanted to enjoy the show's unique mixture of suspense and character studies. I wanted to contemplate the surveillance state through the eyes of deeply damaged characters. I wanted to ride shotgun on nail-biting ops while Saul looked sad about things. Call me a corkboard-embellishing crackpot, but I wanted to believe.

Like Benjamin Button, though, "Homeland" appears to be aging backward; it started out as a mature tale employing a sophisticated arsenal of dramatic strategies, but it has gotten more adolescent over time. Another way to sum up the evolution of "Homeland" from Season 1 to Season 4 is to say that it used to approach characterization with a scalpel, but over time, it began using a hammer instead.

I don't want to give anything away about the various plot threads of Season 4, but there's a scene mid-way through the second episode that typifies the blunt-force characterization "Homeland" now resorts to on a regular basis. We all know that Carrie is a person who fights dangerous impulses, and Claire Danes is such a good actress that it's very easy to read those impulse on her face. In a key scene, you can see a very dark thought flit across Carrie's face; it's extremely obvious what she's thinking about. And I don't think it's wrong for "Homeland" to show Carrie wrestling with that thought.

But to make her begin to carry out the action suggested by the bad impulse fails to add anything useful to the story and to the characterization of the CIA operative. More importantly, to show her do this thing makes it crystal clear that "Homeland" is now simply afraid of ambiguity. Most viewers would have understood what she was thinking about and why. Nobody needed to see her actually take that action for as long as she did before restraining herself, but "Homeland" 2.0 keeps on spelling things out and hammering them home with that big mallet it carries around.

That flight from subtlety is truly odd, given that many of the show's best moments had been all about ambiguity. When "Homeland" worked, it often worked because not everything was spelled out for the audience. Sometimes we were groping in the dark -- for meaning, for information, for connections -- right along with the people on the screen. There used to be mysteries to savor as "Homeland" explored the ways that professional liars exposed their deepest truths, but now too many moves and too many dilemmas are spelled out in blinking neon letters.

There is a flatness to the supporting characters -- Saul's wife and Carrie's sister are now garden-variety Prestige Cable nags -- and a measured predictability to the overall story that drains too much tension from even the sight of a wig-free Corey Stoll. Yet Mandy Patinkin and F. Murray Abraham are still fantastic, the show still employs top-notch directors and "Homeland" can still rustle up an atmosphere of tense isolation when it needs to. All in all, many of the tin-eared elements would more or less tolerable if I were still intrigued by Carrie Mathison, whose stubborn doggedness was balanced, in the early days, by her tendency to be right about things and good at her job. This season, right or wrong, she is simply rude in ways that drained me of interest in her personal and professional concerns.

To be clear, I don't need to like Carrie, and I have no problem with her take-charge tendencies. However a show that's now mainly about her should make me invest in her goals, but "Homeland" keeps on doing the storytelling equivalent of shooting itself in the foot. On this show, grown people do very dumb things and yet we're expected to buy that they are big shots with important jobs.

Case in point: Apparently Carrie -- who starts the season with the most important CIA posting in Afghanistan -- does not know that infants are never, ever supposed to ride in the front seat of a car. I'd bet money that a random polling of 5-year-olds would reveal that most of them know this. It may be a small thing in the big picture, but seeing Carrie do something so boneheaded took me out of the story completely (she has two nieces; how does she not know this?). It made me wonder how in the world anyone would trust her with, say, a middle-school field trip, let alone a geopolitical hotspot.

The problems with this season of "Homeland" point to deeper issues and a seeming unwillingness to venture on to the road less traveled. Without Brody in the picture, the show had a chance to reinvent itself, and I was ready and willing to embrace "Homeland" 2.0, even if it was going to broadcast on a different frequency, so to speak. A tortured, impassioned folie à deux drove the best eras of the show, but I was willing to see what "Homeland" would do as it attempted to evolve past that distinctive early dynamic.

Apologies for the vagueness, but like a CIA operative, I don't want to say too much. Suffice to say that when it comes to the personal lives of two major characters, what Season 4 intimates about their bond and their future comes off as a contrivance, at the very least. I understand the urge to put the band back together, but not if they're going to be playing the same old song.

I loved many seasons of "House" and "The Office," but I had to give up both shows when they went in directions that didn't just tarnish my affection for them but actively began to destroy it. I think I'm at that point with "Homeland," but like a well-trained espionage agent, I just don't want to admit the truth.

The two-hour season premiere of "Homeland" airs Sunday at 9:00 p.m. ET on Showtime.

'American Sniper' Trailer Puts Bradley Cooper Back In Oscar Season

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Warner Bros. dropped the first trailer for Clint Eastwood's "American Sniper" on Thursday, and it's a doozy: The two-minute clip focuses on Chris Kyle, the most lethal sniper in United States history, and provides a brief window into what kind of decisions he was asked to make during his time as a Navy SEAL. Bradley Cooper plays Kyle in Eastwood's film, and from the extra bulk on Cooper's frame to the Texas accent he affects, it's the kind of part that could put the two-time Oscar nominee in line for a third straight nod. Either way, keep "American Sniper" on your long list of Oscar contenders for one simple reason: Eastwood's "Million Dollar Baby," which had a similar "surprise" release in 2004 and went on to win Best Picture.

This Accurate Portrayal Of Life Before And After You Start Dating Someone Will Make You Cringe

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It's no secret that dealing with exes can be tough. Whether you run into them on the street, receive a text from them, or look at their Facebook, there's a potential for a flood of awkwardness or unresolved feelings.

The above sketch from BuzzFeed gives a funny take on these post-breakup moments by comparing them to identical moments from before the relationship started.

For example, after the breakup, do you still think his cat is that cute? Was that renaissance fair you went to together really that cool?

We definitely feel the pain of a breakup, but sometimes, a little humor can lighten up the topic in a real way.




Andrew Lincoln Shaves His Beard For 'Walking Dead,' But Won't Explain Why

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Damn, Rick. You clean up good.

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Andrew Lincoln's "Walking Dead" character, Rick Grimes, is known for being a tough guy and for having an awesome beard. One of those things has changed, according to images from the Season 5 premiere at Universal Studios.

"The Walking Dead" is still in the process of shooting Season 5, so a nearly clean-shaven Rick Grimes definitely caused a stir. Then things got even crazier when The Hollywood Reporter caught up with Lincoln to ask him what gives:

"It's an extraordinary and interesting thing that goes down," he said of why Rick may suddenly appear beardless. "I can't really go into it because I don't want to spoil it."

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Trailers for the show have already teased major deaths, but the end of Lincoln's beard is something no one saw coming.

All we know is if some event on the show is "extraordinary" enough to make Rick shave, this could be the craziest season yet.

"The Walking Dead" returns Sunday, Oct. 12, on AMC.

H/T The Hollywood Reporter

Courtney Love To Star In An Experimental Opera

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Goddess of grunge Courtney Love seems to be exploring her high brow side as of late. The Hole singer is slated to star in the experimental opera "Kansas City Choir Boy" during New York's Prototype festival this coming January. The piece is directed by Kevin Newbury.

courtney love

The show's composer Todd Almond will star alongside Love in what's described as a "theatricalized concept album about love altered by unexpected fate." The opera takes the form of a mystery told through flashbacks, following two lovers in a small, Midwestern town who are forced apart when one goes missing. The show draws inspiration from ancient mythology, the internet age and the 24-hour news cycle.

Although rocker Love isn't exactly the typical opera star, it was her rebellious energy which drew Almond to her in the first place. "I’ve always been fascinated with her," Almond said to The New York Times. "I love her voice, and I think she’s a great actress. And I thought she would find the character interesting."

Love seemed equally enthusiastic about the theatrical opportunity, telling The Times "I love the concept, and I’m loving the music... I wanted to do something challenging." What do you think, readers? Does Love have the singing chops to pull off opera or are these isolated vocals a dark foreshadowing of what's to come?

Let us know your thoughts on Love as opera star in the comments and, in the meantime, check out her stint as a visual artist.

80 Years Fly By In 7 Seconds In This Blink-Of-An-Eye Take On Life

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Ready, set, go!

This Vine illustrator may have only have seven seconds to depict the whole span of a woman's life, but Eisaku sure does manage to cover a lot of ground. The first sketch features a baby girl, complete with a round belly and flushed cheeks, but the clip quickly races forward in time.

Blink and you'll miss it, but this pencil-and-paper transformation is a pretty incredible one. And because it's a Vine, no sooner does it reach the end than it starts all over again. (Cue the chorus from "The Circle Of Life.")

H/T Digg
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